|
The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge is an ongoing construction project which consists of a series of bridges and tunnels that will connect Hong Kong, Macau and Zhuhai, three major cities on the Pearl River Delta in China. The proposed 50 km link is expected to cost US$10.6 billion (HK$83 billion).〔http://www.roadtraffic-technology.com/news/newshong-kong-zhuhai-macau-bridge-link-road-to-cost-32bn-more〕 With its length, it would become one of the landmarks within the area. The longest bridge section will be long and will include three cable-stayed spans between .〔Website of Transport and Housing Bureau (HKSAR): ("Cross boundary traffic: Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge" ). Retrieved 22 December 2011.〕〔Arup (a consulting company involved in the design of the bridges): ("Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau bridge overview" ). Retrieved 22 December 2011.〕 Construction formally began on 15 December 2009.〔Arup: ("Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge ground breaking" ), 9 February 2010. Retrieved 22 December 2011.〕 The bridge was due for completion in late 2016 but has been delayed to the end of 2017.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title=HK-Zhuhai-Macau bridge completion delayed to 2017 )〕 ==Background== In 1982, the rapid growth and demand of cross-border traffic prompted an agreement between the Hong Kong government and the Shenzhen authorities. This agreement suggested an improvement of connections by opening up new road links. Also proposed was the construction of a footbridge at Lo Wu/Luohu, introduction of ferry services, and enhancement of inspection facilities and services at exit and entry points. Currently there are five major border crossings connecting Hong Kong and Shenzhen: #Man Kam To crossing provides the most direct access to Luohu and Shenzhen city centre (vehicles only) #Sha Tau Kok crossing connects Hong Kong with routes heading to the Yantian in eastern Shenzhen #Lok Ma Chau crossing provides a link to Futian of Shenzhen for both vehicles and rail, including metro lines (vehicles only HK side) #Lo Wu crossing provides a rail connection between Hong Kong and Luohu in central Shenzhen for passengers only. The number of passengers can reach up to 400,000 during peak hours, often at the beginning or the end of a long holiday period. #Hong Kong–Shenzhen Western Corridor opened in 2007 and accessed via a road bridge directly from HK this crossing is unique in that both immigration for Hong Kong and China are located in the same building on the China side of the bridge. Access only by authorised vehicles on HK side. Continuous expansion works have been done at these crossings to meet the increasing demand for passenger handling capacity. Additionally, those who are granted special permission and licenses prefer to drive across the border in order to avoid the high flow of travellers at those three gateways. Lo Wu/Luohu is still the main node linking Hong Kong and Shenzhen. Railway to the Lo Wu/Luohu crossing receives much traffic from the towns. Everyday, millions of rail users pass by Lo Wu/Luohu en route to Shenzhen. In order to cope with the vast amount of cross-border traffic, a gradual extension of the opening hours and series of improvement works at the Terminal have been initiated. In order to provide long-term relief to the traffic congestion at Lo Wu/Luohu, various projects have been approved and endorsed. The Hong Kong Government and the relevant China authorities have identified the need to open new border crossings. At the third meeting of the China/Hong Kong Conference on the Co-ordination of Major Infrastructure Projects (the Conference) held on 20 September 2002, it was agreed that a joint study should be conducted on the transport linkage between Hong Kong and Pearl River West. An important study was completed by the National Development and Reform Commission and the Hong Kong Government on the transport linkage between Hong Kong and the western bank of the Pearl River Delta. The study points out that a bridge linking Hong Kong, Zhuhai and Macau will provide significant macro socio-economic benefits for the Greater Pearl River Delta Region including Hong Kong. Governments of Guangdong, Hong Kong and Macau were authorised by the Chinese authorities to set up the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge Advance Work Coordination Group to follow up the project. There will be intensive studies on the hydrology, environmental protection, economic benefits, routing, passenger and freight traffic flow of the bridge. The study analyses the current situation of transport linkage between Hong Kong, Macau and Pearl River West, existing problems and deficiencies; it also forecasts the passenger and freight traffic flow between Hong Kong and Pearl River West. The report points out that the current transport linkage between Pearl River West and Hong Kong is weak and land transport involves a detour via Human Bridge resulting in an increase in transport time and cost. The report also predicts the passenger traffic flow between the eastern and western banks of the Greater Pearl River Delta (PRD) in 2020 will reach 180–240 million and freight traffic 169–220 million tonnes. Of these traffic volumes, the passenger and freight traffic flow between Hong Kong and the western bank of the PRD will significantly increase. An increase of the passenger flow of the Bridge and cargo demand are also anticipated. The study has considered three alignments linking the two banks of Pearl River. Fieldwork and seminars have been conducted, and views and analyses from various sources have been taken into consideration. The result of the study is that the Hong Kong (Lantau)-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge proposed by the HKSAR Government, a link connecting the three places under "one country, two systems", is the most urgent one and bears significant political and economic implications. The study points out that the Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge will alter the present passive condition of the transport linkage between Hong Kong and Pearl River West which relies mainly on water transport. It will shorten the distance from Hong Kong to Macau and Zhuhai from 160 km to 30 km, and reduce the journey time to within half an hour. As a result, Pearl River West will lie within the 3-hour transport network that radiates from Hong Kong as its centre. Originally, the city of Shenzhen had tried hard to be included in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge project, but was rejected in 2004. The idea of a separate link, connecting Shenzhen with Zhongshan, was originally proposed in 2008, but was shelved for several years due to concerns it could jeopardize the bridge connecting Hong Kong with Zhuhai and Macau. It was eventually included in the Guangdong government's 12th five-year plan. The Shenzhen-Zhongshan Bridge will cut travel time from Shenzhen to Zhongshan to less than 30 minutes. Construction is scheduled to start in 2015 and be completed in 2021. Analysts from mainland China and Hong Kong found the project might draw as much as 40% of the potential traffic away from the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau bridge and reduce the regional dominance of Hong Kong's airport and harbour.〔South China Morning Post: ("Link spanning Pearl River Delta from Shenzhen to Zhongshan approved" ), 8 November 2012. Retrieved 13 April 2014.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macau Bridge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|